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New publication: Aljaz Ule, Arthur Schram, Arno Riedl, and Timothy N. Cason. Science 326, 1701-1704 (2009). Indirect Punishment and Generosity Toward Strangers.
Abstract:
Many people incur costs to reward strangers who have been kind to others. Theoretical and experimental evidence suggests that such
"indirect rewarding" sustains cooperation between unrelated humans. Its emergence is surprising, because rewarders incur costs but
receive no immediate benefits. It can prevail in the long run only if rewarders earn higher payoffs than "defectors" who ignore
strangers’ kindness. We provide experimental evidence regarding the payoffs received by individuals who employ these and other
strategies, such as "indirect punishment," by imposing costs on unkind strangers. We find that if unkind strangers cannot be
punished, defection earns most. If they can be punished, however, then indirect rewarding earns most. Indirect punishment plays
this important role, even if it gives a low payoff and is rarely implemented.. :: Link to article |